Shock is a medical emergency that occurs when the tissues in your body cant get enough blood, oxygen, and nutrients. These four categories are hypovolemic shock, distributive shock, cardiogenic shock, and obstructive shock. Dec 04, 2014 shock dr shilpa shivanand 1st mds dept periodontology 2 3. Every nurse might potentially encounter a patient in shock, so it is important that nurses have an awareness of its signs and symptoms and can distinguish between the different types of. As wildlife carers, we tend to use the words that animal is in shock on a regular basis, but what does being in shock really mean. Types of shock chart hypovolemic shock with images. Hypovolemic shock is the most common type of shock to be seen in children and is characterized by a decreased cardiac filling, decreased enddiastolic volume and a decreased stroke volume and cardiac output. Causes include bleeding, which could be internal such as a ruptured artery or organ or external such as a deep wound or dehydration.
Distributive shock, resulting from an abnormal distribution of blood flow. Symptoms can include decreased blood pressure, constricted airway that may impair breathing, swollen tongue or lips, tingling extremities, hives, flushed skin, confusion, and dizziness. Epidemiology septic shock, a form of distributive shock, is the most common form of shock among patients admitted to the intensive care unit, followed by cardiogenic and hypovolemic shock. Classically, four types of shock are described based on the physiologic disturbance causing etiology. Includes a discussion of cardiogenic shock, hypovolemic shock, and septic shock neurogenic shock will be in a future medical.
Typical causes of traumatic hypovolemic shock are large surface burns, chemical burns, and deep skin lesions. Shock, the medical condition related to adequate blood flow, takes many forms and has different patterns of signs and symptoms depending on which type of shock the patient is experiencing. At the onset of shock, the process is compensated and often reversible. A summary of the different types of shock is made below table 1. If you develop symptoms of shock, get medical help. The nomenclature, definition and distinction of types of shock. Electric shock is an injury caused by an electrical current passing through the body. Perfusion may be decreased either systemically as in hypotension or limited to regional maldistribution as in septic shock, where global perfusion is normal or even elevated. Jul 02, 2019 shock can be classified into hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive and obstructive based on the etiology. There are a number of types of distributive shock, including the following. Common triggers are medications such as penicillin, latex, bee stings, and foods such as nuts or shellfish. Types of shock cheat sheet with images nursing school. Shock can be caused by a wide array of disorders, and can be divided into four major categories. A person in shock has extremely low blood pressure.
Acsase medical student core curriculum shock shock is a life. Shock is a lifethreatening condition which occurs when the blood flow is so low that. Depending on the specific cause and type of shock, symptoms will include one or more of the following. When treated quickly there is less risk of damage to a persons vital organs. Monitor the patient using the hr, map, mental status, urine output. Share this cheatsheet with someone who also could use help. Pdf pathophysiology and management of different types of shock. Causes include internal or external bleeding, dehydration, burns, and severe vomiting andor diarrhea. The medical term shock refers to the organs and tissues of the body not receiving a sufficient flow of blood. Know how to distinguish different types of shock and treat accordingly.
Hypovolemic shock is a condition of inadequate organ perfusion caused by loss of intravascular volume, usually acute. Therapy is tailored to the cause of the distributive shock beyond initial management. Every nurse might potentially encounter a patient in shock, so it is important that nurses have an awareness of its signs and symptoms and can distinguish between the different types of shock. While other forms of shock wave exist, they are vastly different than the superiority of the electrohydraulic method with significant limitations in terms of depth, focal area and more. This is video 1 of 2 on shock the types of shock and treatment. In this chapter we look at these three different types of shock along with the fluid, electrolyte, and acidbase imbalances and nursing impli cations of all shock states. Flipped classroom module on shock for medical students. More than 1 million cases of shock are estimated to present to u. Dpt of anaesthesia and intensive care medical university of lodz.
Pdf on jan 1, 2017, monira ismail and others published pathophysiology and management of different types of shock find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Cardiogenic shook is the inability of the heart to pump blood throughout the body and is most commonly caused by myocardial infaretion. Join us in this video where we discuss various types of shock. Distributive shock can result in symptoms including. Pdf pathophysiology and management of different types of. It will help you to get more out of the day and hopefully you will find it interesting too.
Shock is a medical emergency in which the organs and tissues of the body are not receiving an adequate flow of blood. Hypovolemic shock when the circulatory volume is depleted from blood or fluid losses 2. These include hypovolemic, cardiogenic, and obstructive shock. Types of shock in pediatrics management guidelines. Shock wave types and differences pulsevet leaders in. The objective is to restore efficient cardiac output.
Shock is a lifethreatening circulatory disorder that leads to tissue hypoxia and a disturbance in microcirculation. By the conclusion of the module, students are able to differentiate the main types of shock, recognize clinical signs of shock, and formulate initial treatment plans. Jan 28, 2017 comparison of different types of shock hypovolemic, cardiogenic, neurogenic, anaphylactic and septic. Definition, classification, etiology, and pathophysiology of shock in. This module is designed for thirdyear medical students on their pediatric clerkship to learn about shock through a flipped classroom approach. There are many different causes of shock, which are classified into cardiogenic shock e. By dr anne fowler bsc vethons bvsc macvsc avian health, medicine of aust wildlife introduction. The presentation may be cryptic, as in the patient with compensated heart failure, or obvious as in the ultimate shock state of cardiac arrest. Distributive shock occurs due to inappropriate vasodilatation of the peripheral blood. Please try to read this before you come along on the 27th of september. If you suspect shock after an injury, even if the person seems stable, call 911 or get them to an emergency department immediately. It is necessary to practice aggressive fluid management in septic shock. Neurogenic shock is due to disorders of the nervous system.
There are five main types of shock the body can experience. Types of shock some of the different types of medical shock include. Shock explained clearly cardiogenic, hypovolemic, and. Introduction shock is a state of inadequate organ perfusion the prime function of the circulation is to provide oxygen and substrates to the. Septic shock is caused by infections in the bloodstream. Shock dr shilpa shivanand 1st mds dept periodontology 2 3. Shock types, recognition and therapy maciej dudkiewicz m.
In the event of worsening signs with vascular collapse, use a strong cardiotonic. This is a quiz to evaluate how much youve learned about the 5 types of shock. Cardiogenic pump failure of left ventriclecirculatory collapse most often a result of myocardial infarctionreduced co venous blood pooling upstream of failing ventricle also due to ventricular arrhythmias, extrinsic compression, outflow obstruction pte cool extremities, leading cause of death in icus mortality up to 75% systemic response to severe infectionresults. This deprives the organs and tissues of oxygen carried in the blood and allows the buildup of waste products. Shock, in physiology, failure of the circulatory system to supply sufficient blood to peripheral tissues to meet basic metabolic requirements for oxygen and nutrients and the incomplete removal of metabolic wastes from the affected tissues. Introduction to management of shock for junior icu trainees and medical students.
Shock is generally classified into three categories table 511. The treatment of cardiogenic shock depends on its mechanism. Shock itself is a lifethreatening condition as a result of compromised body circulation. Shock circulatory, circulatory medical emergency cardiogenic shock, resulting from dysfunction of the heart. Hypovolemic shock is a lifethreatening condition caused by a rapid loss of blood or body fluids. It can be divided into four main types based on the underlying cause. Contents introduction definition classification pathophysiology stages of shock general features and effects of shock types of shock dental considerations in shock management of shock in dental office conclusion references 3 4. Undifferentiated shock refers to the situation where shock is recognized but the cause is unclear. Shock is a potentially lifethreatening condition that occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flow. Shock is generally classified into three categories, cardiogenic, circulatory, and distributive.
Jul 17, 2012 this is video 1 of 2 on shock the types of shock and treatment. Contents introduction definition classification pathophysiology stages of shock general features and effects of shock types of shock dental considerations in shock management of shock in dental office. We go into great detail on each type of shock where we discuss the. Anaphylactic shock is caused by an allergic reaction. Administer 20 mlkg of fluids as a bolus over 5 to 10 minutes, just like hypovolemic shock, and repeat when necessary. Shock knowledge for medical students and physicians. Loss of consciousness may be the first noticeable effect and shock can worsen rapidly, potentially causing permanent organ damage or death. Mar 19, 2020 the medical definition of shock is much different. As an example, in a trial of 1600 patients with undifferentiated shock, septic shock occurred in 62 percent, cardiogenic shock in 16 percent, hypovolemic shock in 16 percent, other types of distributive shock in 4 percent eg, neurogenic shock, anaphylaxis, and obstructive shock in 2 percent. However, shock that results in hypovolaemia less blood in the bloodstream is extremely common.
Learn more about the symptoms, causes, stages, diagnosis, treatment, complications, and outlook. The electrohydraulic shock wave generation method is the only method that generates a true shock wave at all energy settings. This ultimately leads to cellular death, progressing to organ failure, and finally, if untreated, whole body failure and death. Diagnosis and management of shock in the emergency. Medically, shock is defined as a condition where the tissues in the body dont receive enough oxygen and nutrients to allow the cells to function. Acute pulmonary oedema for treatment, see heart failure in adults, chapter 12.
Worthley department of critical care medicine, flinders medical centre, adelaide, south australia abstract objective. A severe allergic reaction can cause anaphylactic shock. Hypovolemic lowvolume shock occurs whenever there is insufficient blood to fill the circulatory system. Aug 04, 2017 join us in this video where we discuss various types of shock. Types of shock there are some types of shock that it is extremely unlikely that wildlife carers will see in wild animals that present requiring care primarily heart failure shock. Regardless of etiology or severity, all forms of shock have the commonality of perfusion inadequate to meet metabolic demands at the cellular level. Hypovolemic shock happens when you lose a lot of blood or fluids. In a patient presenting with hypotension and concern for shock, the clinician must evaluate for diagnostic clues to the underlying cause and type of shock. As a result of the imbalance of oxygen supply and demand, a buildup of waste products occurs and can cause damage to the organs. The result is a drop in cardiac preload to a critical level and reduced macro and microcirculation, with negative consequences for tissue metabolism and the triggering of an inflammatory reaction. The nomenclature, definition and distinction of types of shock ncbi.
1389 1084 1523 450 340 1439 839 722 951 1242 1297 1264 1354 1533 521 774 874 349 502 859 1445 1423 622 315 1254 919 400 693 216 221 963 1056 363 204 1476 986 1262 841 755 1425 1095